The Chemistry of Acidification
Since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, the pH of surface ocean waters has fallen by 0.1 pH units. Since the pH scale is logarithmic, this change represents approximately a 30 percent increase in acidity.
Surface pH Calculator
Data & Modeling
| Year | Atmospheric CO2 (ppm) | Estimated Surface pH | Aragonite Saturation (Ω) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1850 | 280 | 8.20 | ~3.4 |
| 2020 | 412 | 8.10 | ~2.9 |
| 2100 (RCP 8.5) | 900+ | 7.80 | <1.5 |
Common Misconceptions
A frequent error in media interpretation is confusing localized transient effects with global secular trends. The figures demonstrated here isolate the multi-decadal signal from seasonal noise.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is this reversible?
On human timescales, highly unlikely. The thermal inertia of the ocean means impacts will persist for centuries even if emissions cease immediately.
How accurate are these figures?
Based on the latest AR6 synthesis and prevailing primary literature. Uncertainties are inherent in coupled non-linear climate models.